


CANADA'S CLAIMS 

i'U 

BEFORE THE 
ANGLO-AMERICAN JOINT HIGH COMMISSION 



BY 



AGNES CHRISTINA LAUT 



PROM 
THE AMERICAN REVIEW of REVIEWS 
APRIL 18 9 9 



CANADA'S CLAIMS BEFORE THE ANGLO-AMERI- 
CAN JOINT HIGH COMMISSION. 



BV AC.XKS C. LAU' 



[Mi^s Laut, who is o 
ami affairs in all parts i 
close attention. She w; 
the benefit of the purely 



IT may be taken for granted that Anuricaii 
investment of foreign islands ami British 
occupation of African regions have a higher pur- 
pose than the gratification of national vanity by 
spreading the Stars and Stripes and the Union 
Jack over alien races. The shaping of events 
beyond human control may compel the govern- 
ment of the weak by the strong, but mere acces- 
sion of territory is entirely secondary to the 
motive underlying the forward movement of 
Anglo-Saxondom. Benefits of the highest im- 
portance to the cause of civilization and of mate- 
rial weight with the countries absorbed, as well 
as the countries absorbing, far exceed temporary , 
loss to the United States and Great Britain and 
prompt the policies of both nations. 

Of the conference of the Anglo-. \merican 
commission almost the same may be said. The 
commissioners tried to obtain for the United 
States and Canada all the advantages accruing 
from extension of dominion without the expend- 
iture of blood and money entailed by war. 
Already the governments centered m Washing- 
ton and Ottawa aie similar in the essentials of 
fi'eedom ; but because a different flag floats on 
each side of an imaginary dividing line, both 
countries are denied all the benefits which result 
from a merging of common interests. Accord- 
ing to the most sanguine expectations, the arma- 
ments of the United States and Great Britain 
can only bring about the partial civilization of 
small patches of the globe and slight additions 
to the volume of each nation's foreign trade. In 
all quarters it is acknowledged that the settle- 
ment of those international difficulties which 
have kept the two Anglo-Saxon races in quarrel- 
some mood would do more for world-wide civ- 
ilization than the most daring optimist ever 
planned, and result in manifold incroasp of com- 
merce between the United Staloaiid the country 
which is now her fourth b''>t i-u-iiiiin-i-. The 
policy of expansion has proved costly beyond 
any estimate made beforehand. The policy of 
conciliation embodied in the conference involved 
not a single sacrifice and offered full equivalent 
for every concession requested. A'ast military 



ist of Canadian writers for the pre.ss ami who is conversant with politics 
li America, has followed the work of tlie Joint High Commission with 
ited in writing the following article to give readers in the United States 
of view.— The Editor.] 



t'xpcnditures, with their ominous possibilities of 
bliMidshed, have received general approval in 
the United States and Great Britain ; but this 
international conference, with assurance of peace, 
was subjected to all the haggling o'f market- 
place hucksters, lest one party should emerge 
from negotiations without a fat surplus of advan- 
tages over the other. Emissaries from the repub- 
lic and the Piiiiiiiiiiiii liavc 1 u scdiiring tlie 

earth for trade I'lMsclyrrs. At tiie^ami' time, 
both governiiu'iifs have licrn doing r\i-i-ytlung in 
their power to blockade and shut oft' the nearest 
and most natural avenues of trade. If any illus- 
tration were needed to prove the wisdom of 
Anglo Saxon cooperation in foreign dealings, 
Canada's action when Spanish hostiles made 
Montreal a basis of operations, and Great Brit- 
ain's when European powers threatened to em- 
barrass the United States in the Cuban war, 
might be cited ; yet the aims of the international 
commissioners to lay the foundations of perma- 
nent harmony suffered every misrepresentation. 

A frank statement of C'anada;s attitude toward 
this conference should clear away much of the 
misunderstanding which obscured the real issues 
in the negotiations. The Dominion approached 
each subject of dispute in a spirit of compromise. 
Tliis scarcely requires proof. The unofficial 
utterances of British and Canadian statesmen 
testify that with them the conference was not 
regarded as an end in itself. Through the Span- 
ish war, which swept aside every vestige of ill- 
feeling between the United States and Great 
Britain, the Dominion became, as it were, the 
meeting-ground for the two great Anglo-Saxon 
nations ; and the negotiations, first arranged as 
a purely colonial matter for the settlement of all 
the international differences, became not only the 
means toward an imperial end, but part of the 
broader scheme for an Anglo-Saxon brotherhood. 
The first requisite for the realization of the lofty 
ideals was tlie removal of every cause of friction 
between the republic and the empire — in other 
words, the satisfactory settlement of all disputes 
over Canadian affairs. This was no easy under- 
taking, as the length of the conference has demon- 



■JlU THE AV.hRICAN MOSTHl. Y REt'lEH' OF REl/Elf'S. 

Kirar.-i Imt throutf!... i! ri.. necotialioiis iIm- < « American markets fur Bj:ricultural ]<roducls. sold 

• - 1 ,.,... .. ,.tily $5, 000,000 of farm products to tlie United 

Slates ; and litlle Canada, whti — according to the 
-aiiie autliorities— could never buy a^^ niucli from 

die Unite.! >!;i-.-- ;,- >!ie Would Sfll, IwUgbt 

jtlj, 000,1' Kis frt'iii the United 

States an'i > manufactures as well. 

I-a*t vear ' ' mte on dutiaiile iiii- 

|«.rts for in the United St«- 

averagitl ' in c<.>ni[>«ris<."ii to ..: 

average vi . :.r luijH.rls froin Ei - 

laud. 

These are not one sided argunieiiis, but facts, 
a.^eertaiuable by any one taking ilie trouble lo 
„., - investigate; and with tliew facts tiiere w; 

i„ . from Canada's joint of view, no need of ar>; 

tr\ meuls to urge the readjustment of tariff relalii : 

jH - ..i tii.r ui'>oiiile U-tween tlie I'liittni States and the Homini. : 

in; .,e ln-eame a|>- If the pr»*s«'nt trade ri.hdnioiis could l>e ;: 

>.. L.f the subjects definitely prt'loiiged ii might !>*■ eminently sai 

factory and profitable to the United i^tates . i 
.• on the conference the lio-^tility of Anieruaii tariffs has alre« 
;. .i!..l driven Canada abroad to sell, and the establi- 
ment of preferential favors for (iR-at Krilaiii 
evidence that the same inlliien.e may yet dr 
her abroad to buy. A ijuarur of a ceiittiry n. 
tireat Britain took only ;!o i*r cent, of Cana<i^ 
e.xjxirts and tlie I'nited Stat«*s t«K>k CO. To d:i 
1 of farm products alone Cireat Hrilain takes • 
111 ttiiii .New Ki.i;iaiid i>''r cent, and tlie Unit«-<1 Slates less than : 
ay. Tills a.*siim]fiioii •• Canada." wrote the American consul at Liv. 
The trend of trade, J.ool, '• is the cyiiii..i i. : a; :. liie United StaL 
iie siroiipst iirgumetii as a purveyor'to ' ■." Last year 

■1 Ik? adduce.!. Th.- the l>omiiiion"s • : Britain were 

as much meichaudiso onelifth as larg. I'lilted States. 

i...i.. liie riiii.-.l Si»i.> a> .Me.\i.-... South Allien- These figures ill . •.• irony of .- 

ca. fei.iral America, ami tlie West Indies buy William Van Hor; .iingtoaqu. 

all t..:.:ii. 1. >,..! ;. ..-:..i.,.i- it ini-l.i be alwut the things < i..- thankful f. : 

he tersely answeiv.i : 1 :.i I'mgley tariff." 

What. then, did ("ana. la desire ri'garding 
reciprocity at the confeniue ? Not all she could 
jr,-ab — noi by any iii.ans. A mivlicuin of the 
tariff favors which she ^rnints woul.l have sent 
her commissioners home with siirpris«'d delight 
For instance, if the I'niled Stales acconied i • 
as favorable a fn>e list — lumlH-ranit pulpindu.: 
—lis she gives the Unit.ti States, the wli. 
Dominion would l>e more than salistie<l an<l will 
iiig lo throw a few tariff concessions on manufac 
tares into the Iwrgain. 

The allegation that the D.iniinions pivfen-ntial 
tariff for CJn'at Itritain stoo.i in the way of reci- 
pr.^ity arrangiMiients and pivju.iiced Canada's 
case is too al)sur>l for consuleration. The tariff 
c.mcessions sought from the United States were 
for farm products. How British iiianufactuie.i 
g.KHls could gam access to American markets 
iimier tariff reductions on farm products — I'ggs, 





ll..l.-.l.i.-U .-. ill- 




l>..ininioii tra.le 




;.• tariff or n-.t, 




...ly .ii.sjustrous to Can- 




II annually buys soiih- 




\mernan e.\|Mirls, the 




somi- (ilo.iioii.OiMl of 




• n country of only 




v.'s free n«iiiiission lo 




|.ro.iucts, the bigcoun- 




' inhabtlanls gives free 




"iHi ..■: 1 ahiidiaii pro.l- 




■t,.m the 




- ales" /irr 




'lO cents. 


I'u.h:!..: 


11. wi.,..-.. i.i:!i..i-s — acconl- 


. prol.M- 


l.ilUHlH. -w..ul.l ^wainp the 



CANADA BEFORE THE JOINT HIGH COMMISSION. 



447 



for example — has never been explained b}' the 
objectors to the preferential tariff. 

On the subject of reciprocity Canada's conten- 
tion can hardly be described as unreasonable. 
Indeed, it has been indorsed by the chambers of 
commerce in all the leading cities of the Union : 
and who opposed it ? Not the consumers in both 
■ountries — and tliey constitute the majority if 
he greatest good to the greatest nunil)er be a 
consideration. A few rings and trusts and two 
or three coal kings and lumber barons were the 
real obstacles in the way of reciprocity. The 
lumber and fisheries disputes were but different 
i,ii;i-;es of the reciprocity question. Canada ad- 
- American lumber free of duty, and almost 
'III 000 of forest products annually enter the 
.\,j:ihwest 'lerntories and other parts of the 
Dominion from Minnesota and adjacent States. 
The Dingley tariff, imposing a two-dollar duty 
on Canadian timber and spiking Canada's guns 
Ijy stipulating that the amount of our export 
duty on logs should be added to this tariff on 
lumber from countries where an export duty pre- 
vailed, caused a decrease in the lumber exports 
of the Dominion to the extent of $5,000,000 in 
one year. The provision against export duties 
rendered a Dominion export tax ineffective ; 
so the province of Ontario took matters into her 
o\vu hands and passed a law compelling all own- 
ers of timber limits to saw logs cut from crown 
lands within the province. The British North 
America Act, which is the Dominion's constitu- 
tion, gave Ontario full power to enact such a 
measure, and Quebec tlireatens to follow her sis- 
ter province's example and to pass a similar 
measure regarding pulp-wood. Both provinces 
are acting on the supposition that Canadian logs 
are indispensable to the American consumer. 
The supposition would seem to be sustained by 
fact ; for nearly thirty mill owners of Michigan 
threaten to appeal to the imperial government 
against Ontario's law, and out of 1,500,000 acres 
of spruce lands owned by the International Paper 
Company of the United States, more than 
1,250,000 lie in Canada. The protest of the 
American Newspaper Publishers' Association 
against the commissioners '-furnishing protec- 
tion to a combination [the paper trust] organized 
in restraint of trade and intended to extort excess- 
ive prices from a representative industry " is to 
the same effect — that Canadian logs are a neces- 
sit\' for the American consumer. While the 
American manufacturers and consumers look to 
the Dominion for their log supply, the United 
States Government has placed practically a pro- 
hibitive duty on lumber and pulp. In other 
words, Canadian forests are to be stripped for 
the profit of the United States, and the Dominion 



i': to be shut (iff from all participation in that 
profit. This kiml of an aiTangcnient appears 
somewhat one-sided to the people of t 'anada. Is 
it surprising that their commissionci-s held out 
stoutly on the lumber question, expecting noth- 
ing less than free lumber for free logs ? To the 
manufacturers of lumber and paper tlio Domin- 
ion's stand on this subject may seem obstinate to 
the extent of frustrating negotiations ; but to 
the 157 daily newspapers of the United States 
and to the consumers from whom the lumljer and 
paper rings extort excessive prices Canada does 
not seem so unreasonable. 

"Related to reciprocity, the Atlantic fislieries 
were, perhaps, the most complicated subject 
before the commissioners. Newfoundland, not 
yet a part of the Dominion, the bearing of old 
treaties as well as the present modus vivendi, and 
the prospect of American bounties to deep-sea 
fishermen handicapping rivals had all to be taken 
into account. Newfoundland holds the vantage- 
ground in this dispute. Her inshore fisheries 
have an exhaustless supply of bait — herring, 
squid, and capelin — without which deep-sea fish- 
ing would be paralyzed. Under the modus vi- 
vendi from 60 to 80 American vessels annually 
have entered Newfoundland harbors for herring, 
and thousands of tons of frozen herring, bought 
from Newfoundland fishermen, have been sent 
to the United States duty free as the product of 
American industry. These facts seem to show 
that the island colony had something to offer for 
the concessions desired by the Canadian and 
Newfoundland commissioners — namely, remis- 
sion of the American duty on fish. Canada and 
Newfoundland based their claims on the treaty 
of 1818, which provided that American fisher- 
men should not have access to the inhabited 
coasts of the north Atlantic, except for wood, 
water, shelter, and repairs. By removing the 
duty on fish in the treaty of 1854 the United 
States purchased the rights to the inshore priv- 
ileges of buying bait in Canadian ports, shipping 
and bonding the catch, and obtaining supplies. 
These rights were again purchased by the con- 
cession of free fish in the Washington treaty of 
1871. Both treaties virtually recognized Can- 
ada's interpretation of the 1818 treaty as rea- 
sonable. 

When the Bayard-Chamberlain agreement of 
1888 was rejected by the United States Senate 
the present modus vivendi was established. This 
permits American fishing- ve.ssels inshore priv- 
ileges in Canadian and Newfoundland waters 
on payment of a license fee of $1.50 per ton 
register to the colonial government ; but the 
modus vivendi was only a temporaiy device 
until a comprehensive fisheries treaty could be 



THE AMERICAK MOMH/.r REilEit' OF RE^/EHS. 



arrari;^. i With ilu- pr...-iH-<t of bounties for 

i]'-'-. •! li-ii.-iihi!; •■ ■:.■ United Stales Ijaii'ii- 

lUKJlamJ i'oniiH'tit<.r< 

:: to the Anicrii-ali 

:ire in Kiiroije, wi.ui 

'-•an I'iiijaij ai. 1 Newfoiiniilarid liav.- in 

ling tlie iii;,l„.i livruili ? L'niler it Umiity 

vals woiiM reap all the a-ivantafrcs. aii<l 
' iHiadianand Newfuuiulland fisliernieii lind lliciii- 
selves crij)|iled by lufaiis of the liall whii-h lliey 
sup[)lied. Were the British coiniiii^-;iuniTs wroiijc 
ill deiiiaiidiii;: free fish for all inshore privileges? 
Who Would suffer by such an arranjLreiiu-nt '! 
Not Aineri.jiii consumers, for they would obtain 
cheajK'r fish : not the American fishing-fleet, fur 
bounties wouhl give it an advantage over all 
comers. ( 'heaper fish would mean smaller profits 
for the fish trust. Hence an arrangement which 
would have forever removed the ]K<ssibility of 
armed conflict on the Atlantic fishing-ground, 
and Ijenefited the fishermen of three countries 
and 70,000,000 consumers, was opposed in the 
interest of fish mono|jolists. The declaration of 
Gloucester re|)resentatives at the conference, that 
bait privileges were not desired, but only the 
right of transshipment in bond, may very soon 
be tested. Newfoundland threatens an aggres- 
sive fishing policy. The %1.»,U00 accruing to 
her ireajiury from American licenses is not re- 
garded as adequate compensation, and the colony 
IS considering the advisability of enforcing as 
dra-stic measures against American fishermen as 
against the French. in the cause of jx-ace it is 
to Ih" hoj»ed that Canada may never feel con- 
strained to resort to her 'spirited cruiser" policy 
on tlie Atlantic coast ; but as long as the fisheries 
remain in dispute, wliat guarantee is there that 
the friction of past years may not Ik- repeated ? 

Allied to the trade questions are the bonding 
privileges, wliich consist, in brief, id argument 
between the I'niied States and (.anada whereby 
the tralTic of one country is allowed to li-averse 
the territory <d the other. The system had 
formal beginning in I7!M. when a treaty pro- 
Vhl.ii that no <liity shoiil.l Uncharge.! on goods 
111 liniisit through ('aniida to the fiiiled ."^tates 
■ T tVr..ugli the I'liili-d .<i!ites to Cimaila. Sub- 

•\\ the pu.ssage of goods through the 
Stales fnnii the .\llanlic .seaboard to 

I and fi-oiii Caiiadu t..lhe .\llantic seaU.ard 

ua- :■;-.. p.-rmiiti d. The treaty of \Va.>.|iingtoii in 

l.sTl provided for traflic from State lo Stale 

llii'<>'i;;h ( 'anada and fi'in ir. \ i,..- •.jiiovim-e 

J. thel-niied > - -ation 

• lalisi- iKTln ^'. the 

has re>ied ,,■ , .le at 

ai.\ inni-. Two geo^Tal ih:. al !a.; - r .ii.i.T Uilld- 

ing iiere..v-<ary. I >iie Is the dovetailing of west- 



ern Ontario and the Idock of States Ix-tween 
Lake Huron and the Northwest Territories. 
I'he other is the early closing of nuvigation 
on the St. Lawreui-e. wliirh c<.impels Canada to 
s<^vk an outlet to tli. -a - .• ■ : the U>undary. 
Ontario's western — across the 

most direct jwth ■■: i>etween the 

uorthw.->;.-ri, S:a:. - _ nd. It is to 

the a.: .• West and 

the fa ale with eacll 

other a IS the route 

by 300 mil.,-, li a i vantage of 

eastern Canada to .•-' .k of States 

lietween Ontario ai. Territories. 

During the winter, . raj'id ocean 

transportation, I 'an lUst use the 

cities of the I'nite.i - .\tlautic sea- 

board. During ls'.<T. : a: - ■ i the Ih. tiding 
privilege, 5,.iOO,noo i.,ii< ,.i .Xmerican nierchan- 
di. SI' passed through tin- |i..ii]iiii..n. To this total 
every State contributed a ijiiota. 

That it |ia!d the AiiKncaii sluppi-r to employ 
the shortest route w:is iiii.ily testified liy Boston 
representatives liefori' ili<- American conunission- 
ei-s. At least <;3j.0(Mi,(j(Mt of Cajiadian trade 
passes through the .\iiierican coast cities every 
year and is handled witii pn>fii by ten or twelve 
Amencin roads. Si.x times more grain from 
western Canada goes to Liverpool by way of 
Buffalo than by way of .Montreal. That a pix>jjo- 
sition should have come Ufore the coinmissionei-s 
to tamper with a system so obviously lieneficial 
to the people of the liiited States and Canada 
requires some explanation. The fact that the 
quantity of American - U ' aiii. d by Canadian 
roads was twenty >. _ .ii.-r than the 

quantity of Camniiai i.y American 

roads, accounts for . -uggestion of 

American railroads. !■ a.,- ;r..i.osed to j>lace 
Canadian lines uiuler tin- Int.-rslate Coinmercc 
Commission, a fon-ign trilmnal. Aln'ady they 
yield voluntary oliedience to the rulings of the 
commission. What was ilii- object of the 
change? Simply ti>;- v ! '• American roads 
are fined for violat: -ale law. the 

Canaidan rivals \\i .1 under a 

license, which — for - of an irre- 

sponsible or briU-u k- n'voketl. 

siiiitting them fn>ii. ;oiy. Can 

adas refusal 'o con- -•■ i .-ourse 

was indorsed by n-i in.r- 

cant ile lussociat ions .■ .-n- 

fore urgt' the Ainer'a ■ lii.- 

imnding arrangeim i ■ : : [..ly into 

the hands of the .\ii ■ • an- s«H'king 

lo efface Canadian O' . 

The Bering Sea siaiini; .li-j .'• |H>rhnps illus- 
trates the spirit of compioiiiise in which Cana<la 



CANADA BEFORE THE JOINT HIGH COMMISSION. 



449 



entered the conference better than any oJier 
subject on the programme. The American 
proposition for the total abolition of pelagic seal- 
ing meant the relinquishment of the entire in- 
dustry by Canada and the wiping out of the 
British Columbia sealing-fleet. Though by the 
decision of the Paris tribunal pelagic sealing was 
strictly within the Dominion's right, Canada 
\\ as ready to compromise on this question if met 
111 an equally fair spirit by the United States on 
•! her disputes. For the British Columbia seal- 
-. whose vocation would have been suppressed, 
money compensation to the exact amount of 
; :;i'u- schooners' value would have been accepted; 
and for the whole Dominion, which would have 
been a general loser by the abolition of a leading 
industry, nothing was expected but fair treat- 
ment on the other subjects of negotiation. On 
tlie Bering Sea matter Canada's attitude was 
m<ire generous than worldly wise. 

Failing to receive the consideration which had 
1 leen expected regarding reciprocity and Atlantic 
fisheries by way of compensation for the loss of 
the sealing industry to the whole Dominion, 
< 'anada was not prepared to make bootless sac- 
rifices in the Alaska boundary dispute. The 
ilauses of the treaty between Kussia and Great 
liiitain in 1825 and Russia and the United 
States in 1867 which describe the boundary 
between Alaska and Canada are hopelessly am- 
biguous. This was admitted by both sides of 
I he conference. From Mt. St. Elias northward 
the dividing line has been scientifically ascer- 
lained and finally laid down. The uncertainty 

■ ■xists only from St. Elias to Prince of Wales' 
l.sland. With regard to the southern part of 
the disputed territory, the treaties direct that 
irum the point of commencement the line "shall 
a-i'end to the north along the channel called 
I'ortland Channel as far as the point of the 

■ ■'intinent where it strikes the fifty-sixth degree 
"f north latitude." The following of these di- 
rections is a geographical impossibility for two 
n'asons : Portland Channel is from fifty to 
stventy miles due east of the point of com- 
mencement, and it does not strike the fifty-sixth 

h'gree of latitude at all. Behra Canal is north 
and reaches the fifty-sixth degree ; hence Can- 
ada considers that the waters of the latter ratlier 
than the former inlet were designated, the wrong 
name being used in the clauses owing to the hazy 
.Lii-,)grapliical knowledge of the treaty makers. 
The difference in the names involves sovereignty 

■ ■ver 3,000 square miles of territory rich in 
fisheries, if not minerals. 

From Mt. St. Elias eastward the boundary 
IS eqitally ill-defined. The treaties state that 
'■wherever tlie summit of tlie mountains which 



extend in a direction parallel to the coast, from 
the fifty-sixth degree of north latitude to the 
point of intersection of the one hundred and 
forty-first degree of west longtitude, sliall prove 
to be at the distance of more than ten marine 
leagues from the ocean, the limit between the 
British possessions and the line of coast wliich is 
to belong to Russia as above mentioned shall be 
found by a line parallel to the windings of the 
coast, and which shall never exceed the distance 
of ten marine leagues therefrom." What moun- 
tains are intended ? The coast mountains are 
not a continuous range, and the nearest continu- 
ous range is further than ten marine leagues. 
If the line follow the windings of the coast, sliall 
it run from headland to headland or pursue the 
innermost reach of each inlet ? The former 
would give Canada independent access to the 
Yukon ; the latter would confirm the American 
title to Skagway and Dyea. Plainly, the differ- 
ence here was too great for easy compromise and 
was a proper subject for impartial arbitration. 
The American commissioners thought that six 
jurists, three on each side — without an umpire 
in case of a deadlock — would constitute a proper 
court of decision. Canada foresaw the same 
balanced opposition in the proposed tribunal as 
had occurred in the conference, and wishing the 
matter finally and impartially settled, the British 
commissioners requested that the whole question 
be treated in the same way as the Venezuela dis- 
pute. Was Canada unreasonable in this? Were 
the rules governing the Venezuela dispute good 
in one case and bad in another ? 

Such were the leading subjects before the con- 
ference. In trade Canada asked but a fraction 
of the favors she bestows, and her position was 
indorsed by the leading mercantile bodies of the 
United States. In the matter of lumber and 
pulp Canada expected a free market for free 
logs, and 157 daily newspapers of the United 
States seemed, by their protest, to think that 
she should have it. In the Atlantic fisheries 
Canada based her claims on a clause of tlie tieaty 
of 1818 which has been repeatedly recognized il 
formal compacts and negotiations by American 
statesmen. In bonding Canada's interests were 
identical with the shippers' of the northwestern 
and New England States. In the sealing dis- 
pute she was willing to wipe out one of her in- 
dustries. In the boundary cmbroglio Canada 
would have welcomed a settlement that was 
fully satisfactory to the United States in the case 
of Venezuela. In none of these things were the 
Dominion's expectations excessive or exacting. 

These are only a few of the subjects of mutual 
interest that interlink Canada and the United 
States. Coasting laws, canal privileges, mining 



450 



THE AMERICAN MONTHL Y REl^/EU^ OF REI^/EIVS. 



re>.'uIations, coi.yritr' ' ineaisures, protection f 
lal'or from alien coi.'.pi-litiun, educatiunal nii>':<-' 
mints, pkilanihro]! 1.- efforts— all art- uiaticT< in 
wliich both coni.irms could reaji incalcu^ii^le 
advantage froin pulling togetlier. instoa i of 
apart and ofti i,, imlft-d, again:;! each ■ ther. 
< )p[K)8ing the I'loiK-ration of kindred ra.^-s in 
national profrr. -^s stand the sectional intiT-.sts in 
solid rank ; and when the si-ctional imcrests 
clash with i);c general good who are i" be the 
arbitrators ? Surely not the whooping jingo 
journals, much less the elected representatives of 
rings and trusts. These umpires would see all 
Anglo-Saxondom sizzling in Haines of war before 
they would compromise oii«- jot for the sake of 



progress and j»e8<-< 
as the difficu!' • ■ 
Canada ren... 
quarrels, tl • 
ow^ners by i 
labor laws, .: 
the conflict 
of undeterminei i 



■:::<Ienal. /..lell 

reign niiu. rs, 

:, remote areas 

or many of these 



causes may arouse international fri<tion and fan 
all the old-time bitterness U-twe^n l^rother races. 
Better, a thousand times L*tter tlian revert to 
that blind stupid folly that each c^'untry should 
l)ow — whether to ils loss or gain — to the impar- 
tial decisions of a resi-onsiblc and permanent 
international tribunal. 




. good cigars, and good comfiaiiY, my dtcr Sir. Jonalkan, I shall ala-ays rttHrmhtr 
loo A'rrtr txra- ecial a /r^-elass /elhar jvu arrr 



Mr. Bull: What ailh good i 
Ihis mttting with pitasurt 

Mh. JoNATHA^ : ll'al, Mr Bull. / gufSf tif had a rtal good 
lilt Ihis rvtmng. 

M k Bull ■ /Ind now. Mr. Jonalhan, (an'i tit do a lilllt bmmtsi logttkir—soMtlkmg mutually adfanlagtoas ? Canadian 
lumb<r iiou; /or inslanct, or a Iwf in liirijffs and op<n doors ' 

Mh Jonathan- H'm, you're jusI Ikt Undo/ iiium / litt, Mr Bull, tut / ain't laiing any Canadian logs lust ho.t. <ind 
It /ii<i/-i t nit lited to tool round Killi doors thai icon t shut. 

Mr Buu . Oh, tome. Mr Jonathan, jusi /or Ihf. 'i4itf of tht good timt a.('if had t,'i.-rlhft You said jusi no:i Td been a 
Attfi to you in that little .S/<iimA hisiHess—thir'll help us both 



Mh. Jo.v 



;r.i/. 



! there i 



lething in that ; and. Hess me, I xoant /<> he fner.dly ailh the old /,r 
(Discusilon to be rrsuinrd) 
Knim ilir tre.ilmtn»ter BuiiwI. 




Illustrated '^ '^^t« ^ April 




,.l^^ 



Ldited by ALBERT SHAW 






m^ 



jO) Material Problems in the Philippines. ^ 

By Samuel W. Belford. 

The Czar's Peace Conference. 

By Edwin Munsell Bliss. 

M. Loubet, the New French President 
The Election at Versailles. 

By Lucy M. Salmon. 

Canada's Claims Before the Joint 
High Commission. 

By Aj-ne.-; C. Laut. 

American and "Malay" in Hawaii. 

By Winthrop L. Marvin. 



jWr. Kipling in America. 



The Evolution of the College President. •' 

By Henry A. Stims oAr .-• ,- ••.•'.•' ':' 

Landscape Gardening for Factory rtoitifesV 

By William Howe Tolman. 

A Grou p of Native American Musicians. 

A NUMBER OF TIMELY PORTRAITS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. 



THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO., 13 Astor Place, New York. 



^/oi. XIX. No. 111. 



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